I06
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C E bT3 667
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1 ARISTOTELES. Organ on (Logica vetus et nova). — THOMAS
DE AQUINO. De fallaciis. Manuscript on vellum of the XlVth
century written in Italy in a uniform round hand, rubricated and
ornamented with initials painted alternately in red and blue with
scroll work in the alternate colour. Decorated by an Austrian
miniaturist with 4 large historiated initials and 4 large
ornamental ones, mostly with borders attached. 236 leaves.
Folio. 258:195 mm. Bhnd-tooled pigskin binding on wooden bords,
one brass clasp. RM. 4000.—
The manuscript was surely brought over from Italy by an Austrian student.
The writing, rubrication and the monochrome initials are executed in the Italian
style, while the initials of more than one colour and the foliage work are in an
Austrian style. There are notes added in the margins by the scribe and by several
later users. Each single tract has red headings and red head-lines, and in some cases
colophons are found.
The contents of the volume include the 8 tracts which, in the later Middle-Ages,
were combined in order to form the "Organon Aristotelis" representing the
principal text book of Aristotle's philosophy (see table of contents below) . The first four
tracts which were also the first known were described as the "Logica vetu s", the
last four added later, as the "Logica n o v a". The tract "D e Fallaciis" of
Thomas Aquinas has been added in the present manuscript between these two
parts (cf. Grabmann, Die echten Schriften des hi. Th. v. A., Miinster 1920, p. 223).
The text of the Organon is not quite complete as owing to the loss of certain quires at
the close, the end of the Analytica priora and the Analytica posteriora are missing.
Early impression of this form of the Organon f. e. GKdW 2391; besides cf. Ueber-
weg-Baumgartner, GrundriB der Gesch. d. Philos. II (1915), 202.
The illumination of the manuscript is both original and
interesting. The 4 ornamented initials (1. llr, 31v, 46v, 59r) denote a
striking archaic style and have probably been influenced by much older models
(circa Xlth century). Two of them (1. 31v, 59r) being particularly noticeable owing to
the predominance of a very brilliant red and green; the two others being executed in
more subdued colours which do not contrast so strongly.
Thesubjectsoftheminiatures are in some cases very pecu-
liar. The initial C (1. Iv) still shows the usual representation of a teacher lecturing
to four pupils. The initial P (1. 82r) shows in the round of the head a scene which
probably represents a conversation between Alexander and Aristotle;
a queer indefinable object above juts out between them. Within the outlined shaft of
the letter a boy with black shoes, red stockings and a green waistcoat hangs, holding
with both hands on the curve of the letter. The most original initial D (1. 162r,
see reproduction on plate X) is ornamented with an extraordinarily hand-
M35283
4 • • • 4* «
llr 31v
31v— 46v
46v— 58r
59r 81v
82r— 159r
162r— 183v
184r— 236v
• • • •,*• • I
some border. In the upper part are 2 pig heads attacking each other; below, two full-
face female heads with fair hair. The body of the initial P (1. 184r) is formed by
the entwined body of a dragon; within the curve there climbs an almost naked feminine
figure. The peculiar impression made by the last two initials is heightened by the profuse
use of violet in the background. The borders consisting of conventional scrolls of
leaves and flowers in the Italian style are very diversely and originally painted and
are very well executed.
The manuscript is in very good condition, the only defect being the above-mentioned
loss of a few leaves at the end.
1. Ir — llr Porphyrius, Isagoge in Aristotelis Praedicamenta
(with a few diagrams in the margin).
Aristoteles, Praedicamenta.
Aristoteles, Liber perihermeneias.
Gilbertus Porretanus, Liber sex principiorum.
Thomas de Aquino, De f allaciis.
Aristoteles, Topica.
Aristoteles, Elenchi.
Aristoteles, Analytica priora.
See Reproduction Plate X.
BIBLIA LATINA VULGATAE EDITIONIS. Veteris Testamenti
libri selecti. Manuscript on vellum executed in Bohemia in the
XlVth century. Written in vigorous Gothic minuscules; double
columns; rubricated and provided with coloured head-hnes. Orna-
mented with 13 large historiated initials painted in colours
on a gold ground, 1 large ornamental initial in three colours
and numerous smaller ones alternately executed in red and
blue with scroll work in the alternate colour. 334 leaves
(1 — 61, 61a, 62 — 333). Large Folio. 495:345 mm. Original bhnd-
tooled pigskin binding on wooden boards; the front cover with
centre boss and corner pieces of brass, and vellum label. RM. 12000. —
This beautiful manuscript of the largest size, very carefully and symmetrically
written in a Gothic Mturgical hand, consists of 42 regular quires of 4 sheets numbered
I — XLII by the rubricator on the lower margin of the last pages. It comprises the
4 Books of Kings, the 2 Books of Chronicles, Proverbia, Ecclesia-
stes. Song of Songs, Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus. Each book is
preceded by the Prologue of Jerome and by the C a p i t u 1 a and begins
with a beautiful large historiated initial painted in several
colours on a gold ground. Three of the books have 2 such initials each, one
before the prologue and the other before the first chapter of the text. The gold back-
ground (usually square) is outlined in one or several colours, the corners are orna-
mented with gold dots with a coloured outline. The bodies of the letters, partly
surrounded by foliage work, as well as the historiated scenes are executed in several
colours with great diversity.
The following subjects are depicted:
1. 38r initial F: King Saul asleep between the horizontal cross strokes of
the letter; below: the youthful King David. 2 human heads are peeping
out of the end of the cross strokes,
1. 70r initial E: King David as an old man, seated on the middle cross
stroke, leaning on a crutch,
I. 109r initial C: within the letter is a very curious representation of King
Ahaziah's fall according to IV Reg. 1, 2 (see reproduction on
plate II),
1. 145r initial S: formed by the bodies of 2 dragons held together in the
middle by means of a buckle through which is pulled a branch of foliage,
1. 146r initial A: the left stroke of the letter surrounded by foliage is in
the form of a dragon. Within the letter is a monk kneeling in prayer
wearing a grey cowl (probably the miniaturist),
1. 179r initial C: in the 4 corners painted in green and red are 4 lions; within.
King Solomon enthroned with crown and imperial orb (see repro-
duction on plate II),
1. 222r initial J: shaped as a leafed staff painted in gold on a ground divided
into fields of several colours,
1. 224 r initial P: the foot of the downward stroke is formed by the roUed-
up body of a dragon. The shaft itself is split and surrounded by foliage.
Within the curve stands King Solomon with a twig of palm,
1. 249r initial U: the left stroke of the letter is formed by a homed dragon.
Within: Solomon enthroned with a deer at his side,
1. 258r initial 0: within, the bride of the Song of Solomon with an inscribed
scroll,
1. 263r initial D: in its curve is a medallion with lions; within the letter,
Solomon with crown, nimbus and a scroll of parchment,
1. 281r initial M: the author (Ecclesiasticus) seated on a high chair, writing,
holding a knife in the left hand and a pen in the right,
1. 283r initial O: within, Solomon standing with cloak and mitre, holding a
sceptre in his hand.
The manuscript is — on the whole — in very good condition, the paintings
especially are intact and fresh-looking. The outer double leaf of the first quire is
missing, causing the loss of I Reg. I, 1—20 and VII, 3 — VIII, 9. The blank margins of
leaf 175 and 177 are cut off, the lower margins showing thumbmarks.
I. Ir eum. Ascendit autem vir eius Helcbana et omnis domus eius ut ymmolaret
domino
1. 333r . . . si peccaverit vir in te. Explicit liber Ecclesiasticus.
1. 333v blank.
See Reproductions Plate 11.
3 BIBLIA LATINA VULGATAE EDITIONIS (Selected books
only). Manuscript on vellum executed in Bohemia in the XlVth
century, carefully and evenly written in a large vigorous Hturgical
hand; double columns; rubricated; with coloured head-lines. Em-
bellished with 23 initials, 22 being painted on a gold or sil-
ver ground and mainly illustrating biblical scenes, as well
as with numerous smaller ornamental initials decorated
with scroll work, painted in red and blue and red and green,
some of which are also decorated with small pen-and-ink
drawings. 259leaves(i — 18, 18a, 19 — 2 58). Large Foho. 497:346mm.
Original bhnd-tooled pigskin binding on wooden boards; each
cover with brass corner bosses, the front with centre piece also.
RM. 18000.—
According to its size and its contents which are striking as to their selection and
sequence, the manuscript has been executed to serve as a lectionary. It consists of 30
regular quires of 4 sheets together with 2 quires of 5 sheets, the tenth (blank) leaf of
the last having been removed. The complete quires are numbered I — XXXI in red by the
rubricator. Owing to an error of the scribe, the sequence of the text has been dis-
arranged on 1. 1 70v — 1 73r. A somewhat later hand has corrected this mistake by means
of signs and notes of reference. The manuscript includes the following Scriptural Books:
the Acts of the Apostles, the Apocalypse, the General Epistle of
J a me s , the Epistles of Peter and John, the General Epistle of
J u d e , the Book of Job, of Judith, of Tobias, of Esther and of Ezra
and finally the 2 Books of the Maccabees. Most of the books are preceded
by the Prologues of Jerome proper to them, as well as by tables of chapters
and arguments.
The abundant illumination of the manuscript is most inter-
esting and curious. It is the work of an eminent Bohemian minia-
turist whose representations frequently differ from the stereotyped ones and who
draws upon his imagination with very great indepedence. The
large initials are with one exception executed in colours on a gold or silver ground,
mostly within a rectangular frame painted in colours. Only once is the body of the
letter itself outlined in gold, embellished with coloured foliage and painted on a blue
ground outlined in green (1. Ir). All the initials but two consist of historiated represent-
ations of different sizes. The following scenes are occuring:
I. Ir initial L: St. Luke with the head of a bull with nimbus seated at a
desk writing in a scroll of paper,
1. 3v initialP: the Ascension of Christ, in the foreground the Virgin Mary
and the 12 Apostles,
1. 42r initial A: the left stroke of the letter is formed by two fighting drag-
ons; within is St. John walking with raised hands.
1. 61r initial N: ornamented with foliage work,
1. 62v initial J: in its upper part stands St. James with a book in his arm;
below a pilgrim to Compostella kneels in prayer with a pilgrim's cloak
with a cross and a pilgrim's staff at his side,
1. 67r initial P: St. Peter seated before a desk writing in a book,
1. 71 V initial S: the body of the letter is formed by two dragons held to-
gether by silver buckles, the middle one of which holds at the same time
two grotesque figures lying on the back of the dragons (above and
below); both these figures are shaped as a fish, the upper one with
wings, a human hand and a female head and the lower one with wings, the
feet of a bird and a male head (see reproduction on plate III),
1. 75r initial Q: the tail of which is formed by the body of a grotesque
bird with the bearded face of a monk out of whose mouth grows a short
scroll of foliage; within the letter, St. John seated and reading,
1. 79v initial S: St. John with the grotesque head of a bird with a nimbus
seated with crossed legs on the middle part of the letter, writing on a scroll
of paper lying across his knee. The Holy Ghost in the form of a white
dove flys down from the left hand comer,
1. 80r initial S: St. John as a youth standing with a scroll in his hand,
1, 81r initial J: Jude the apostle with a book in his left hand and his right
one raised, standing on the shoulders of a figure cowering on the ground,
1. 82r initial C: the standing figure of a monk in a greyish blue cowl and a
dark red cloak, holds out a scroll with both hands in front of him,
1. 83v i n i t i a 1 V: below, on the left. Job on the dung hill, on the right, 2 of
his friends; above the latter and between the sides of the letter, a third
one; all of them being depicted as kings,
1. 114v initial C: within the letter is the standing figure of an abbot in a
greyish-blue cowl, holding a book in the left hand and his staff in the
right,
1. 115r initial T (uncial letter): the horizontal upper stroke is shaped as a
winged dragon. Within the letter is the burial of the old Tobias by his
son and one of his grandsons (see reproduction on plate III),
1. 127r initial A: partly forined by a grotesquely distorted dragon and em-
bellished with foliage work,
1. 127v initial A: the body of the letter represents the tent of Holofernes clos-
ed at the back by means of a curtain; within, Judith murders the sleep-
er while her servant stands waiting outside on the right (see repro-
duction on plate IV),
1, 143v initial J: Queen Esther standing,
1. 158v initial D: an Abbot with a white cowl and a blue cloak holding a
book and staff,
1. 160r initial J: the prophet Ezra seated and writing,
I. 171r initial E: surrounded and embellished with foliage work,
1. 191v initial E: the aged Matathias, seated on the middle horizontal cross
stroke, teaches his five sons standing before him,
1. 231v initial F: Judas Maccabeus clad in armour, wearing a red cloak and
holding a spear in the right hand and a scroll (a letter?) in the left
(see reproduction on plate IV).
The miniatures are of varied quahty, most of them however being very remark-
able; the largest initials especially are notable for delicacy
of finish and excellent execution. They are all in a perfect state of
preservation. The ornamental initials with small pen-and-ink drawings (for the most
part half-length human portraits, sometimes grotesquely distorted) are found an 1. 33r,
34r, 35v, 39r, 96v, 97r, 98r, 99r, 102r. A small sketch representing a teacher, seated,
delivering a lecture, is drawn with brown pencil on the margin of 1. 39r.
1. Ir Incipit prefacio sancti Jeronimi presbiteri in librum actuum apostolorum.
Lucas natione Syrus
1. 258v sermo non erit gratus. Hie ergo erit eonsummatus.
See Reproductions Plates III and IV.
4 CHRONICA DES LANDES OESTERREICH („Gregor Hagen").
— SEYFRIED. Der grofie Alexander. Manuscript on paper of
Carinthian or Carniolan provenance executed in the year 1456,
written in cursive Gothic hand; double columns; rubricated and
ornamented with red initials. 26oleaves. Folio. 262:204 mm. Binding
in calf of the XVIIIth century, gilt-tooled, with arms and crowned
monograms stamped in gold. RM. 3600, —
This interesting and valuable manuscript contains two extensive German
texts, the first of which has not been printed in the present form, while the second
has hitherto not been printed at all. It comprises the "Chronica des
landes Oesterreic h", the first coherent chronicle of the history
of the duchy (cf. O. Lorenz, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen I, 1886, p. 263).
The author is generally believed to be G r e g 6 r H a g e n ; yet it seems extremely
doubtful, since there exist hardly any evidence for the proof of this supposition. The
chronicle deals with the history of Austria from the beginning of the world till the
Duke Albrecht III, for whom the work was undertaken and to whom it was dedicated.
It is very interesting for the development of the writing of
history in Austria and was printed by P e z , Scriptores rerum Austriacarum I,
1721, p. 1043 — 1158 from a manuscript of the shorter and later recension with the
omission of mythology. But the present manuscript (described by F. M. Mayer, Unter-
suchungen iiber die osterreichische Chronik des Gregor Hagen: Archiv fiir oster-
, reichische Geschichte 60, 1880, p. 328— 335) comprises the older and fuller form
8
and is by far the most important of the numerous manuscripts
hitherto preserved, since "it is to be regarded as the oldest
of all according to its text; and differs widely from the other ones" (Mayer,
p. 328) . Especially, since this particular manuscript alone contains a series of
records of the year 1387 concerning Salzburg and Nothern Italy (Mayer, p. 340 — 342) ,
as well as, towards the end, a detailed "Ler von den streitten" (I.171r — 176r), the author-
ship of which was at the beginning claimed by "Johann der Seffner Dechant
der Schule zu Wien"; it is possible that it was really composed by
h i m yet it cannot be proved for certain. The present manuscript is of great im-
portance for solving the question of the still problematic
authorship of the chronicle, as well as that of its original form. Its text
should be the base of a still missing critical recension.
The second part of the manuscript executed by the same scribe contains the
Alexander-Epos of the Austrian poet Seyfried who gives his name
at the end but about whom close information is lacking. This "last monument of the
copious poetic matter dedicated to this subject by German mediaeval literature"
(Roethe in Allg. Deutsche Biographic XXXIII, 1891, p. 646) was based on the
"H i s t o r i a d e p r e 1 i i s" and the famous "Alexander" of Ulrich von
Eschenbach and written (appr. 10 000 verses) in the year 1352. The work
has remained unprinted (Roethe knows only 5 manuscript copies of it)
and as well as its author is not dealt with in modern handbooks of the history of
literature. It is briefly mentioned in older ones (f. e. Gervinus II, 1836, p. 110;
Wackernagel-Martin I, 1879, 219 with note 12).
The manuscript is dated and signed by its scribe. It has been
written for Ludwig von Kosyagk and was in the possession of the bishops
of Laibach in the library of Oberburg during the 16/1 7th century. Later on it came
into the hands of the Counts of Attems and was presented in 1736 to Sigis-
mund von Gallenberg at Goerz (who had the present binding executed) .
Still later, it passed again in the possession of the Counts of Attems who kept
it in their castle P o d g o r a near Goerz, cf. the entries on the fly-leaf and on leaf Ir.
The manuscript is, on the whole, well preserved. The first quires and the last
leaves are somewhat stained by damp on the right upper margin, but every where
the text is easily legible. There is a small and unimportant portion of the text
missing on page 1 owing to repairs.
I. 1. Ir Seneca der Maister schreibt In dem puch der vier angeltwgent disc wort:
Ob du iveis sein wellest So soil
1. 2v Von der taillung der pucher. In dem namen der heiligen and ungetailten
drivaltichait hab ich nach funff synnen der menschen disc Kronigken
in funff pucher getailt
1- 178v mit rechter ordnung Osterreich habent geziert. Das puch ist geendt
warden durch denn Herman ne T alner von T re f f en und gehort
dem edelen und vesten Ludweigen von Kosyagk am sambstag vor sannd
Michels tag In dem iar als man schreibt nach Christi gepurdt vierczehen
hundert und darnach in dem LVI Jare. Deo gracias etc.
II. 1. 179r Das ist der gross AUexander. Ggott (I) voter herr Jesu Crist / Wen dein
genad unczergenkleich ist / Und dem grandiose myn / Nu verleich mir
herr dy synn
1. 259r Und das uns der engel schar / Vor allem ubel hie bewar / Das uns
das alles widervar / So sprechet alle amen gar. Amen. Herman
Talner etc. Anno etc. LVf.
1. 259, 260 blank.
EXCERPTA GRAMMATICALIA. Manuscript on vellum executed
in Germany in the second half of the Xlllth century, carefully
written in small uniform minuscules; mostly double columns;
rubricated in red and blue. Ornamented with one large
coloured initial with an animal at the beginning and several
red and blue initials throughout the text. 32 leaves. 4to.
207:147 mm. Vellum. RM. 650. —
This elaborately written manuscript begins with an initial I (see
reproduction on plate XVI) covering the whole inner and lower margin of
the page. The high and slender body of the letter stands on the raised head of a
winged dragon; the whole design is in pen-and-ink drawing in red and blue slightly
tinted with yellow and brown. The contents include grammatical tracts
which however seem to form no coherent compendium, but to be extracted mainly
from several different works. They partly follow Eberhard of Bethune's
Graecismus. On the first leaf (originally blank), an almost contemporary hand
has entered notes about measures, weights etc., as well as medical
notices and prescriptions. In the course of the XVth century another scribe
has written on leaf 32v the text of a letter by which "Fridericus plebanus in Stgra"
informs the Abbot Geyfrid of Altenburg (Southern Austria) that the monk
Nicolaus has been cured of lunacy by him "quibusdam medicamentis necnon
alimentis aliis", and asks whether the Abbot is willing to readmit the monk into the
monastery.
The manuscript is very in good condition.
1. 2r Idem est gerundium quod supinum
1. 32r Prosopera est informacio nove vocis ut res animata ad inanimatam
vel e contrario. Explicit.
See Reproduction Plate XVI.
10
6 FENCING-BOOK. — SAMMLUNG DEUTSCHER RING- UND
FECHTBUECHER. Manuscript on paper of German provenance
executed in the year 1508. Carefully and symmetrically written in
clear and easily legible cursive characters. With 74 large explan-
atory pictures (coloured pen-and-ink drawings). 107 leaves.
4to. 205:155 mm. Binding in half calf. RM. 2500. —
A full and interesting collection of instructions concerning
the Arts of Fencing and Wrestling, composed by 10 different
German masters who are mentioned by name. On leaf 22r the date
"Anno domini 1508" is to be found; as the latter does not relate to the composition
of the tract written there and as the style of writing corresponds to that date, it
doubtless indicates the year of origin of the present copy. Two of the texts
are illuminated throughout; one with 31 pictures, and the other with 43.
The illustrations executed by several hands are of unequal artistic merit. A large number
of them (1. 37r — 56r) are very carefully composed in exact accordance with the text
and elaborately coloured, whereby both opponnents are always indicated by the same
shade of their garments; other pictures are less carefully executed, both variously and
unevenly coloured and partly somewhat superficially designed.
Among the authors represented in this manuscript there is but one who seems
to be more fully known, namely the famous fencing-master Johann Lichtenauer
(middle of the XV th century) , several tracts of whom are assembled here (cf. K.Bartsch
in the Allg. Dtsch. Biogr. XVIII, 536 f.; H. F. Massmann, Uber handschriftliche
Fechtbiicher, Serapeum V, 44 f ., 49 — 60) . Four other authors are known as his pupils
viz. Emring, Ligniczer, Hunzfeld and the converted Jew 0 1 1 (cf . Mass-
mann, p. 55, 59 f.) Three further ones are mentioned as fencing-masters by Mass-
mann (p. 53) from other manuscripts: Jobs von der Nyssen (according to
Massmann: Jobst von Wiirttemberg) , S y b e r and Andreas Jud. In addition
to the above mentioned tracts, the manuscript includes several other anonymous ones,
thus representing a very full collection of this kind of literature.
The contents of each single tract are as follows:
1. 1 r — 21v Detailed fencing instructions by Johann Lichtenauer, with 31
pictures, the beginning seems to be lost (see reproduction on
plate V).
1. 22r Merck die Zettl dar in geschriben stett die Kunst des langen schwerth
die Johannes Lie c hte naw e n hat lassen schreiben mil verporgen
and verdachten worten; die selbigen wort hat Maister Sig mund
Emring verklert und aiis gelegt ah in diessem puech geschriben stett
and gemalt Anno domini 1508.
1. 22v Hie merck wie man fechten sol mit dem langen schwert
1. 24v Hernach geschriben ist ain newe Zetl des langen schwerts und ein auss
zug der voringen Zetl und vil ander guetter stuck von munches maisters
11
handt, die hat zusamen gesetzt maister Martein Sgber und ist getailt
in segs geng
1. 25v Merck ettliche stuck in dem messer. Item wan ainer auff dich loil
schlagen
1. 27r Hie hebt sich an ettlicher maisteren gefechte: Andres J uden , Jobs
von der N yssen, Nicklass Prewss , Hans pfaffen Dob-
ringers. 1st hie gndert ein degen (Several tracts in prose, two
in poetry. End on 1. 29v; 1. 30—34 blank.)
1. 35r — 56r Fencing instructions without heading, the text with43illustrations.
At the close merely "Finis". 56v — 63v blank.
1. 64r Hie heben sich an die Ringen. Item das erst ringen; hat er dich bey dem
arm gefast (Short fencing instruction in 17 divisions).
1. 67 r Das sind die Ringen die der 0 1 1 gemacht hat der ain tauffter Jiid ge-
wessen ist
1. 74r — 75r short instructions concerning grasps in fencing and wrestling; each single
one is entered in one of 26 circles.
1. 75r Hye hebt sich an Maister Johannes Lie chtenawer Ross vechten
das er hat lassen schreibenn mit verporgen worten
1. 83r Alhye hebt sich an dye glos und die auss legung der ritterlichen Kunst
des Kampfs dye gedicht und gemacht hat Johannes Lie chten-
awer der ein grosser maister in der Kunst gewessen ist
1. 95v Das ist das fechten und dye ringen mit dem tegen. Merck wen dir ainer
zu sticht zu dem leib undten
1. lOOv Das ist Maister M erteins Hunczf elder fechten in harnesch
1. 105r Hie heben sich an die stugk mit dem Bugler die Maister Andre Lig-
nizer gesazt hat in VI stuck alls hernach gemalt statt (The text
only, end on 1. 105v; 1. 106 and 107 blank.)
Two leaves are somewhat stained at the beginning, others are spoilt by subsequent
scrawls. The manuscript is otherwise in perfect condition.
See Reproduction Plate V.
7 GREGORIUS MAGNUS. Dialogorum libri quattuor. Manu-
script on vellum, written on the Continent (probably in Southern
Germany) by anIrishmanEoin(Johannes)in the years 1081/82;
rubricated and ornamented with numerous large and small initials
painted in red. 86 leaves. Small Folio. 250:188 mm. Pigskin binding
on wooden boards with 1 overlapping clasp (binding oi the later
Middle- Ages). 2 fragments of the later Xlllth century are mounted
on the inner cover. RM. 9000. —
The manuscript, elaborately written in even minuscules, contains
the Dialogues of Gregory the Great, a collection of miracles of Italian
12
Saints. Parts I and III deal with different Saints, part II includes only stories of
St. Benedict's life and part IV relates to numerous apparitions of the dead. Publ. f. e.
by Migne, Patr. lat. 77, 149 ff. At the end there is a table of chapters together with
a detailed colophon of the scribe. After a few theological excerpts, the beginning of
the "Visio Car oil III" (publ. f. e. Mon. Germ. Hist, Script. X, 458) is entered
here by a somewhat later hand, probably as a supplement of book IV of the Dialogues.
Unfortunately the text breaks off abruptly as a few leaves have been lost at the end
of the volume, the text of the Dialogues being however complete. That the manuscript
served at an early date as a lectionary in the Refectory is shown by the marginal
note on leaf 84r: "Post librum hunc legendus est pastoralis liber ad coUationem."
The manuscript is especially interesting, first from the palaeographical
point of view, then because of the occurrence of Irish marginal
notes, moreover as the scribe has almost completely adopted a continental style.
Merely some abbreviations and the graphic form of a few letters denote an Irish cha-
racter, so that the manuscript represents a characteristic example of the
cases in which Irish scribes working on the Continent have
given up their native style of writing.
The abundant and careful punctuation is further remarkable as well as the occur-
rence of accent-marks with words of several syllables, from which we may assume that
the work was intended from the very beginning as a table-lectionary for monasteries.
The Irish marginal glosses are entered on the lower margin on 1. ISr,
50r (see reproduction on plate XV), 51r. They mention the dates
on which the scribe has written these particular pages (the 1st
of August and the 11th of November 1081; the 7th of February 1082) as well as the
invocations to the Saints of the day. Thus these annotations allow conclusions con-
cerning the time needed by the writer for the execution of the
manuscript.
The volume is a very valuablepalaeological document, Irish
manuscripts belonging to the greatest rarities on the market.
1. Ir Incipit liber dialogorum. Quadam die dum
1. 84r ipsi fuerimus. Finit. Deo gratias ago.
1. 84v — 86r Capitula; at the end: Sit nomen domini benedictum Amen. Sanctissima
virgo virginum dei genetrix Maria et omnes sancti et electi dei, pro misero
Johanne indigno presbytero et pro suis conperegrinis fratribus intercedite,
ut illorum anime in pace perpetua requiescant. Amen. Qui videlicet
Johannes hoc opusculum fratribus suis scripsit anno peregrinationis sue
sexto, dominice autem incarnationis millessimo octogessimo secundo.
Regnante quarto Henrico (see reproduction on plate XV).
1. 86v Visio quam vidit Karolus de suo nomine tertius imperator. In nomine dei
summi ductor meus qui portabat glo (MG, SS X, 458 line 17).
See Reproduction Plate XV.
13
8 GUILIELMUS DE CONCfflS. Philosophia mundi. German
manuscript of the second half of the Xllth century; written on
vellum in small neat minuscules; double columns. With 13 dia-
grams in pen-and-ink and a few initials in red. 21 leaves. 4to.
208:149 mm. Vellum. RM. 1400. —
An early manuscript of the famous "Philosophia mundi" of William de Con-
ches (1080 — 1145) who taught at Chartres and, besides taking a great interest in
natural philosophy and natural sciences, devoted himself to the study of works of
grammatical nature. The present manuscript consisting of 4 books is a result of these
studies (see Ueberweg-Baumgartner, Grundr. d. Gesch. d. Philosophic II, 1915,
307 about the editions, and the same work p. 315f. about the author). Book II contains
an explanation of astronomy; book III concerns meteorological questions
and book IV chiefly geographical and medical ones. Certain chapters of book
II — IV are illustrated with explanatory. diagrams, three of which are partic-
ularly interesting viz. 1. 9a (zodiac), I. 10b (eclipse of the Sun), 11a
(eclipse of the Moon), 1. 13r (de refluxionibus oceani), 1. 13v (de ortu ventorum),
1. 15r (map of the world divided into zones, see reproduction on plate
XVI). The medical parts of book IV deal chiefly with procreation and birth ;
here a later reader has crossed out with ink several passages in chapter IV, 9 — 15
(1. 15v, 16r), the text however is for the most part still legible.
The present copy is anonymous and without chapter-divisions; the openings of
the books being indicated by means of larger initials. At the end (1. 19v — 21r) are excerpts
from Hugo of St. Victor's Explanations of the Gospels, in a later hand. The manu-
script is in very good condition, a few leaves are somewhat stained.
1. Ir Quoniam ut ait TuUius in prologo rhetoricorum eloquentia sine sapientia
nocet
1. 19v hie qiiarte particule longitudinem terminemus. Expositio Hugonis de
evangeliis. Ait dominus servis siiis: Negotiamini dam venio. Dominus venit
in obitu uniuscuiusque.
1. 21r inscriptas literas: Hie est rex Judeorum.
1. 21v blank.
See Reproduction Plate XVI.
9 HAIMO EPISC. HALBERSTATENSIS. Expositio in Apocalyp-
sin. — THOMAS DE AQUINO. Catena aurea super Johannem.
Manuscript on vellum of Bohemian provenance of the year 1393;
written in very beautiful Gothic minuscules; double columns;
rubricated. With 18 large historiated initials and 5 large
ornamental ones as well as borders and grotesques painted
14
in gold and colours, 82 smaller ornamental initials and
numerous plainer majuscules, alternately red and blue. 275
leaves (preceded by 1 blank fly-leaf). Large Folio. 400:288 mm.
Blind-tooled white pigskin binding on wooden boards with corner
bosses and 1 centre boss, 4 overlapping clasps. RM. 15000. —
A splendid Bohemian manuscript illuminated with minia-
tures and provided with a colophon. It consists of 28 quires: 1 of 6 sheets,
26 of 5 sheets and 1 of 3 sheets, the two last blank leaves of which are missing.
The 27 first quires are numbered I — XXVII on the lower margin of the last pages. The
manuscript is written in beautiful and completely even minuscules and contains 2 famous
commentaries on Scriptural books. First the Exposition of the Apocalypse
attributed to Haimo of Halberstadt (died in 853), (publ. by Migne Patr. lat.
117, 937 — 1220). It has not been proved however that he was the author (cf. Hauck,
Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands (3.''4. edit.) Ill, 1043 ff); it may be that this work was
really composed by Remigius of Auxerre (cf. H u r t e r , Nomenclator, edit. Ill,
I, 823) . Second there follows the Catena aurea of St. Thomas on the Gospel
according to St. John (early impressions Hain 1328 ff.), being a continuous comment-
ary consisting of a series of single quotations joined together (cf. Grabmann, Die
echten Schriften des hi. Thomas von Aquin, Miinster 1920, p. 194) .
The following Colophon is added at the end of the Catena by the scribe and
rubricator of the whole volume: "Explicit liber presens comparatus per Otty-
konem de Vyhnanicz Anno domini. Millesimo. Trecentesimo. Nonagesimo. tercio.
sabbato ante Dominicam Oculi" (the 8<'' of March 1393).
The value of the manuscript lies chiefly in its beautiful and
abundant illumination. At the beginning of Haimo's text, both at the pro-
logue and at book I, there is a historiated initial; each book beginning with handsome
ornamental initials painted in several colours (the openings of book II and IV are not
especially indicated) . The text of St. Thomas opens with a large historiated initial while
each single book of the Gospels begins with somewhat smaller historiated initials or
ornamental ones; the sub-divisions have plain majuscules in capital and uncial letters.
All the initials are painted in body colour ending towards top
and bottom in borders of different lengths. The paintings show the
characteristic features of the Bohemian book-illustration of
the time: subdued colours cleverly matched, scanty use of gold, introduction of
heads and figures into the foliage work, and the occurrence of grotesques and caric-
atures outside the letters.
The following initials are especially remarkable:
1. Iv i n i t i a 1 L: the author reading in a scroll of parchment. A boy gathering
fruit climbs in the foliage work. In the lower part of the foliage is the
half-length picture of a scholar.
1. 2r initial A: St. John the Evangelist seated at a desk, writing; in the
foliage work: half-length picture of a girl and of a reading man; above
15
the letter is the body of a grotesque bird (see reproduction on
plate VI),
1. 105r initial D: St. Thomas as Father of the Church, the right hand raised,
teaching; in front of him a desk with a book (see reproduction on
plate VII),
1. 105v initial J: in the lower part of the foliage work, Christ in limbo.
1. 131v initial E: Nicodemus seated. In the branch work is introduced a gro-
tesque face.
1. 139r initial U: Christ and a royal officer; in the foliage work, a half-length
picture of a monk.
1. 159r initial P: Christ and the boy with the two fishes; in the foliage, a half-
length figure of a prophet.
1. 265r initial U: Mary Magdalene with the cruse of ointment.
In a number of further historiated initials there is no recognizable connection
between the human head or half-length pictures and the text.
The work is absolutely complete and in perfect condition. The wide margins show
in a few cases small and unimportant waterstains. The upper edge of the border on leaf
105r has been very slightly damaged by cutting.
(I) 1. Iv Exposicio domini Haymonis Prologus. Legimus in ecclesiastica
hystoria
1. 104v in gracia terminum poneret. Explicit Haymonis exposicio super
Apocalipsim.
(II) 1. I05r Divine visionis sublimitate illustratus Ysaias propheta ....
1. 275v facilius facere que volebat, quia ipse est super omnia Amen.
(Thereafter the colophon mentioned above.)
See Reproductions Plates VI and VII.
10 HORAE BEATAE MARIAE VIRGINIS. Manuscript on veUum
of Low-Rhenish provenance, carefully written in Gothic minuscules
soon after 1483; rubricated; ornamented with numerous red and
blue initials of different sizes. Inserted are 12 leaves with 24 illu-
minated pen-and-ink drawings of the beginning of the XVI th
century, each surrounded by a four-sided border. 191 leaves.
16°. 90:66 mm. Red velvet binding, gilt edges. RM. 3600. —
This "Livre d'Heures" is executed for members of the order of the Dominican
Friars in the province of the Cologne Archdiocese (probably for nuns), as demon-
strated by the calendar; the date of origin follows from the Rotula for the purpose
of finding out the Indiction (1. 14v), beginning with the inscription "Nota quod anno
1483 incepii numerus in ista rotula . . . ." The contents are — on the whole — the
usual ones (see below) ; the illumination is peculiar. The small volume
u
has originally not been illustrated and was only embellished later on by insertion of
the miniatures depicting the following scenes by means of very interesting
pen-and ink-drawings of extraordinarily small size and delicate
execution :
1. Annunciation (see reproduction on plate V), 2. the Visitation, 3. the Na-
tivity of Christ, 4. the Presentation in the Temple, 5. the Adoration of the Magi, 6. the
Circumcision, 7. the Flight into Egypt, 8. the Massacre of the Innocents, 9. the Mass of
St. Gregory, 10. the Vemicle held by 2 angels, 11. Ecce Homo, 12. the Lord's Supper,
13. Christ at the Mount of Olives, 14. the Betrayal of Judas, 15. Christ before Pilate,
16. the Flagellation, 17. Christ bearing the Cross, 18. the Crucifixion, 19. Christ on the
Cross, 20. the Descent from the Cross (see reproction on plate V), 21. the
Intorabment, 22. the Resurrection, 23. the Ascension, 24. Whitsuntide.
The whole cycle makes the impression of being a reduced reproduction of a set of
engravings or woodcuts; the miniatures seem to have been composed originally on a
larger scale. The accuracy and the neatness of design are both striking and admirable
especially with the scenes representing numerous figures.
The borders painted throughout in the Flemish style, consist of naturalistic flowers,
fruit, birds, insects a.s.o., loosely scattered over a dull-gold or a coloured ground The
copy is very well preserved. —
1. Ir — 14v Kalendarium with accessoris.
1. 15r— 51v Horae B.M.V.
1. 51v Incipiunt orationes sancti Thome de Aquino ordinis fratrum predica-
toTum . . .
1. 62v De D.N.J.Chr. eterna sapientia eternaliter cum patre et spiritu sancto reg-
nante cursus maior pro diebiis festis inchoat ....
1. 81r De D.NJ.Chr. eterna sapientia inchoat cursus minor feriatis diebus dicen-
dus ....
1. 90r — 102v Septem psalmi poenitentiales cum letania et precibus.
1. 103r— 130r Vigilie defunctorum.
1. 131r — 153r Horae de s. spiritu.
1. 153r — 179v Vesper-psalms for every weekday.
1. 180r — 191v Various prayers.
See Reproductions Plate V.
11 MARTYROLOGIUM ad usum ecclesiae Magdeburgensis. —
HELPERICI computus. — ANNALES MAGDEBURGENSES
breves. Manuscript on vellum of German provenance written about
the end of the Xth century or the beginning of the Xlth, probably
in Magdeburg. Rubricated and ornamented with red initials.
151 leaves. 8°. 125:90 mm. Binding of bhnd-tooled pigskin on
wooden boards; title-label; 2 brass clasps. RM. 6000. —
17
This valuable and interesting manuscript is written mainly
by three almost contemporary hands. The first one wrote the Marty-
rology in very slender and neat minuscules, somewhat recalling the record-hand. A
second scribe executed the Computus in larger, more vigorous but not quite even
characters, yet which are clear and well- formed. The entries pertinent to the An-
nals, written in Magdeburg itself, were made at the end of the manuscript
by a third scribe who, although his style resembles that of the first, cannot be con-
sidered as being identical with him. Several hands have completed the Annals and the
Martyrology, mostly at a not much later date, by means of supplementary
annotations being for the greater part pertinent to Magdeburg espe-
cially. Considerably later another scribe has written an Antiphon and a Col-
lection "De S. Barbara" on 1. 103v which was originally blank.
The Martyrology was intended for the use of the Magdeburg Archdio-
cese and was probably executed there. It is not identical with the well-known older
Martyrologies, being rather a compilation from several works and based, as it seems,
on the "Martyrologium Usuardi". The entries are more or less detailed, their character
being mostly in a rather narrative than calendar form. Sources of information
are frequently mentioned, f. e. on 1. 9v "octavus liber ecclesiasticus sic
loquitur"; on 1. 13r "beatus Dionysius Alexandrinus antistes in libra de martiribus" ;
on 1. 16r "Aurelius Clemens in libra caronatorum" ; on 1. 16v "in istoria ecclesiastica libra
septima; on 1. 25r "beatus papa Gregarius"; on 1. 26r "beatus Ciprianus in epistala ad
Romanos"; on 1. 29r "Scriptum in passione sancti Laurentii" etc.
The fact that the manuscript was intended for Magdeburg is de-
monstrated not only from the additional entries, but also from the original text itself
reading f. e. on 1. 44r (Non. Jun.) : "Item eodem die preciosissimus thesaurus sanguinis
domini per Annonem episcopum iubente domine Ottone Augusta immo annuente d. n.
J. Chr. ab Italia Magadaburg translatas est." Additional entries mention f. e. on 1. 35r
(VI. Jd. Maias): "In Magadaburg Gerontii martiris atque pontificis"; on 1. 71r (VII. Jd.
Sept.): "Magadaburg Mathalberte virginis Christi." Notes with dates concerning the
death of emperors, bishops of Magdeburg, priests and nuns, occasionally even of laymen
and boys are entered also in the margins besides the above-mentioned supplementary
entries pertaining to the Martyrology. The latter should, on the whole,
deserve a detailed scientific examination as regards not only
the sources and the compilation but also the interest it presents
for the history of the Church in Magdeburg.
1. Iv Kal. Jan. Circumcisio domini et octave ipsius. Rome natalis sancti Almachii
martiris. Qui iubente Alippio urbis prefecto
1. 103r //. Kal. (Jan.) Cartagine Donati Celestini Saturnini. — Et passio sanc-
torum martirum Saviniani et Potentiani et aliorum.
In the second place the manuscript includes the Computus Helperici. The
name of the author reads "Helpricus"; the "annus presens" is mentioned in book XXIII
(1. 131v) as being the year 994. Since several manuscripts written partially at a consi-
derably later period also bear this date, the conclusion that the work originated in the
year 994 cannot be regarded as absolutely certain (cf. Traube, Vorlesungen imd
18
Abhandlungen III, 128 — 152). Yet the present manuscript is not very much later; inter-
esting from the palaeographical point of view is the almost regular occur-
rence of a round final "s" placed somewhat higher than the other
letters, but this has already been occasionally met with in these times.
The division of the manuscript differs from the edition printed by M i g n e ,
P. L. 137, 15 — 48 inasmuch as it contains 42 chapters while the latter only embraces
38. The Preface preceding the prologues in that publication is not found in the present
volume. Early manuscripts of the Computus are still worthy of
notice until the question of the authorship has been definite-
ly settled.
1. 104v Incipit prefacio libri Helprici compotiste. Cum fratribus adolescencioribus
nostris
1. 150r ilia deinceps facilius assequantur. Explicit liber Helprici compotistae.
Entries dealing with the Annals of Magdeburg are made on 11. 150v, 151r
(originally blank). They consist of 2 parts. The first (15 entries) relates chiefly the
death-years of emperors resp. kings and accounts of fighting in Hungary
in 907, 919 and 933. It begins with the death of Charlemagne in 814 and ends in 997
with the Passio S. Adalberti episcopi. The second part, executed at first as it seems by
the same scribe but at a later date and continued by another one, comprises 14 entries
from 961 — 1051 (not in chronological order) and relates chiefly death-years of bishops
of Magdeburg, ending with the entry of the years of the death of Henry II and Conrad II.
1. 150v Anno dominice incarnationis. dccc. XIIII. Karolus imperator obiit
1. 151r Anno dominice (incarnationis). MXXXVIIII. Conradus imperator obiit.
The whole manuscript is in first class condition,
12 MISCELLANEA ASTRONOMICO-MEDICA. Manuscript on
paper written in symmetrical cursive characters, partly rubricated.
Executed in the XVth century. Containing a diagram („figura
celi") and a few astronomical tables in red and black. 36 leaves.
4to. 197:160 mm. Half Vellum. RM. 1 50.—
The manuscript includes, besides a coherent treatise on
phlebotomy numerous medico-astronomical excerpts and an-
notations as well as memory verses and tables. The tract concerning
phlebotomy, a compilation from several works, deals in a detailed manner with the
circumstances of the letting of blood. At the end are rules for bathing.
The following items of the contents should be especially mentioned:
1. Ir De aeris mutatione,
1. 2v De naturis quartarum quoad aeris iudicia,
1. 3v Alia opinio astrologorum de iudiciis,
1. 7r Cautela observanda circa aeris indicia,
1. lOr— llr tables,
19
1. 13v De potestatibus planetarum,
1. 14v De exaltacionibus racionum,
1. 15v Nota ad habendum dominum anni
1. 17r De bellis; De infirmitatibus,
1. 18v De cometis,
1. 19r De incendiis; De ventis eradicantibus et edificia subvertentibus ; De diluviis,
1. 21r Memory verses concerning the influence of the planets (Si honto nas-
cituT Saturnus dum dominatur )
I. 22r Memory verses concerning the dawn of the day (Mane diem Graeca
gens incipit astra sequentes . . . .)
1. 22v Tractatulus ex intencione sapientium in arte astrorum et sciencia stettarum
eruditorum Gwidonis B onati H ali H ab enr ag el Albumasar
et alioTum in diversis eleccionibus ad usum humanum breviter recoUectus.
Ut sermo propositus robot et fundamentum habeat ; end on leaf 25r:
et mali impediunt de quibus sufficienter dictum est.
1. 25v — 33v Tables, with short directions for use at the end.
1. 34 —36 blank.
The manuscript is in excellent condition.
13 MISSALE AD USUM ABBATIS ORD. S. BENEDICTI ARCHE-
PISCOPATUS PRAGENSIS. Manuscript on vellum executed in
Bohemia in the XV th century, carefully written in vigorous symme-
trical Gothic minuscules of 2 different sizes; rubricated; partly pro-
vided with neumes. With 1 4 large historiated initials painted
in gold and colours, ending in splendid three-sided borders;
one larger ornamental initial in several colours and numer-
ous ones in red and blue of various size and execution. 204
leaves. Large foHo. 372:288 mm. Blind-tooled white pigskin binding
on wooden boards; each cover with 4 large corner bosses and 1 centre
piece of chiselled brass; 2 clasps (binding of the XVIIth/XVUIth
century with ancient bosses). RM. 20000. —
State Missal for the useof an Abbot of the Benedictine
Order of the Archdiocese of Prague. The headings always mention the
word "episcopus" yet the fact that the Missal was destined for an Abbot is demonstrated
by the following circumstances: The CoUecta pro congregatione (1. 183v) begins with:
"Defende quaesumus beato Benedict o pair ono nostra , domine deus, istam
ab omni adversitate congregationem " The Complenda pro concordia fratrum
(1. 184r) reads: "Familiam huius cenobii , quaesumus domine, .... guberna "
20
Moreover, one of the miniatures represents an Abbot of the Bene-
dictine Order at prayer. Finally the heading: "Secuntur prephaciones ordinis
nostri" is found on 1. 70v. The supposition that the Missal was destined for the
Archdiocese of Prague is corroborated by the contents of the Confiteor (1. 9v)
reading: ". . . . Petro et Paulo, Sanctis martiribus V it o , Wenceslao,Adalberto
at que Sigis mund o et tibi pater . . . ."
The contents are as follows: 1. Ir — llv: "Ordo qualiter pontifex se preparare debeat,
quando missam celebraturus est"; the "Benedictiones sacrorum linteaminum vel orpa-
mentorum vel vasorum ecclesie" follow on 1. llv — 14v; thereafter are a „Benedictio ad
arma bellica", a "Benedictio ad ensem" and a very extensive Exorcismus "Super
obsessum vel obsessam a demonio" on 1. 14v — 22v. After the "Oratio ante missam
dicenda edita a beato Ambrosio" (1. 23r — 27r) and a short quotation in red from the
Rationale of Durandus (1. 27r, v) begins the Propriumde tempore (1. 28r — 66v)
with this peculiar sequence: first are selected Offices for common days and festivals
(1. 28r — 55r) from the first Emberday till Corpus Christi; then the mass "In annua
dedicatione ecclesie" (I. 55r — 57r) ; thereupon follow, on 1. 57r — 66v, under the heading
"Sequuntur dominice per circulum anni et prima in adventu domini dominica secunda"
the three Orationes for every Sunday excepting those mentioned above as being
already provided with complete formularies. Thereafter are numerous "Prefaces"
as well as the K y r i e and the beginning of the Gloria with several melodies
on 1. 67r — 85v ; this whole part has musical notes on a four-lined
stave drawn in red. The Canon (1. 86r — 90r) is followed by the Sanctorale,
foliated I — LXXXII by the rubricator on the side-margin of the recto pages (1. 90v
— 170), and by numerous Votive Masses (1. 170v — 194r) followed by the "Officium
de lancea domini" on 1. 194r. The Sequences are entered on 1. 195r yet the last
is missing owing to the loss of several pages after 1. 203. Among these missing leaves
are also the Benedictiones episcopales only the end of which is found on 1. 204r; 1. 204v
is blank.
Additional entries are found here and there. One or more leaves are missing after
1.70 (with the Praefationes) , further, one leaf after 1. 85 containing the text of the
Credo and presumably also a Canon picture.
The manuscript is remarkable not only because of the inter-
est offered by its contents from a liturgical point of view but
chiefly because of its abundant and magnificent illumination.
The 14 large historiated initials are executed as follows:
The coloured bodies of the letters ornamented with foliage work in the conventional
style are painted within coloured frames of a rectangular, mostly quadratical shape,
the corners of which are filled out in gold. The scenes depicted within the letters are
painted on a dark ground (black or blue), usually enlivened by means of gold stars,
rosettes of dots, floral ornaments a. s. o. Gold is often used for the figures. The golden
halos are mostly enchased. The 2 splendid large borders radiating from 2 corners of
the frame work spread upwards and downwards, always covering 3 margins and even
expanding sometimes over the fourth. They are mostly composed of foliage and floral
work painted in brilliant colours in the conventional style and ornamented with dots
21
and corners of gold; merely one single border of special beauty presents a naturalistic
character (1. 90v) .
The following scenes are represented in the manuscript:
1. 28r a Pope enthroned (St. Gregory?),
1. 34r the Nativity of Christ,
1. 36v theBaptismintheJordanriver,
1. 48v the Resurrection of Christ,
1. 49v the Ascension of Christ,
1, 51r the Descent of the Holy Ghost (see reproduction on
plate IX),
1. 53r the Holy Trinity,
1. 54r a golden Monstrance with the Sanctissimum,
1. 55r a Church with a walled cemetery,
1. 86r the Flagellation of Christ (see reproduction on plate IX),
1. 90v the Martyrdom of St. Stephen,
1. 92r the youthful Evangelist John with his symbol; kneeling in front of
him is an Abbot with a mitre; an escutcheon is introduced in
the border (see reproduction on plate VIII),
I. 106v the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple,
1. 114r the Annunciation.
The whole illumination of the manuscript — except for the initial letter on 1. 49v
which has obviously been inserted subsequently by a less skilful artist and which is
executed in coloured penwork, not in body-colours in imitation of the original paintings
— is the work of a miniaturist of the first order. He was obviously
influenced by the Italians, especially as regards his representations of human figures
yet he seems to have been very strongly inspired by South - German models when
painting his borders. The manuscript might have been executed in
Prague itself by a very gifted master for an amateur of his art,
presumably an Abbot; it is a splendid example of the Bohemian
school of the XVth century influenced by the Western style.
The copy is in perfect condition except for the defects mentioned above and for a
few traces of use and thumbmarks on the lower margins (especially in the Canon).
See Reproduction Plates VIII and IX.
14 MISSALE BENEDICTINUM SALISBURGENSE. Pars aestivalis.
Manuscript on vellum of the beginning of the XIII th century, care-
fully written by several hands; rubricated throughout; partly with
musical notation. Embellished with a magnificent Canon
picture (folio size), 4 large ornamental initials in red and
numerous plain majuscules also in red. 178 leaves. 4 to.
203: 144 mm. Blind tooled pigskin binding with 2 clasps. Sold.
22
That the manuscript was executed in the province of the Arch-
diocese of Salzburg is demonstrated by the Calendar, whereas its i t e n d e d
use for the Benedictine Order follows from the Calendar and from differ-
ent texts. Some of the scribes who have contributed to the execution of the manu-
script may possibly have belonged to the close of the Xllth century, yet, taken as a
whole however, the work seems to have been written at the beginning of the Xlllth
century. All the texts of the Graduale are provided with German
N e u m e s : staves (one red line and 3 — 4 black ones) with the clef-letters "c" or "f".
The Prefaces are preceded by the very fine Canon picture on 1. 32r (see
reproduction on plate I), a very beautiful representation of the Crucifixion
in red and black pen-and-ink drawing on a violet ground with a green outline. The first
of the ornamental initials (1. Ir) should be especially singled out: a split "R"
outlined in red, filled out with foliage work in the conventional style, the tail being
shaped as a winged dragon in black penwork.
The contents of the Missal are very remarkable indeed. It is
intended as Missale plenum, and represents as such one of the interesting
forms of transition frequently occuring in the Xllth and Xlllth century; yet
it represents among the latter a particular type not easily met with.
On the whole, the independent parts (Graduale, Sequentiary, Canon, Lectionary, Sa-
cramentary) are merely assembled, but in a rather confused way, with all kinds of
complications. Complete formularies have been composed however for the Masses of
the Vigil and of the Ember-season (as well as for a few apostle festivals) while
the text of the chants (Introitus, Graduale, Offertorium, Com-
munio) has been entered together with the music, an arrangement
without any practical value, being moreover rather confusing and perhaps only met with
quite exceptionally, probably only in this case. This arrangement is interesting
as a peculiar error of the composer of these complete formularies, offering at the same
time a characteristic example of the uncertainty in the devel-
opment of the transition to the Missale plenarium.
With the exception of a few traces of use, the manuscript is in very good con-
dition, the upper margins of the last leaves being slightly stained by water.
1. Iv — Vllr: Calendar; at the end are entered additional remarks pertaining to
the Gradual following.
1. Ir — 32r: Gradual, divided into Temporale, Sanctorale, Commune (the Tem-
porale is incomplete); at the end are a few Votive Masses and the
Sequence: "Congaudent angelorum chori" (Chevalier 3783) .
1. 32v — 40v: Canon, opened by the "Praefationes cum cantu" together with the
Canon picture, followed by different entries pertaining to the Gra-
dual and to the Sacramentary, as well as the Sequence "De S.Cholomanno"
(1. 38r— 40v) (Chevalier 3460).
1. 41r — 56v: Supplementary entry pertaining to the Gradual:
including all the missing texts of the Temporale as well as several further
festivals of Saints.
23
1. 57r — 65r: Beginning of the Lectionary; only feria II. — sabbato p. pascha;
feria II., III., V., VI. p. pent.; oct. pent.; a few masses of the Common;
de S. Cyriaco.
1. 65v — 79v: Sequentiary containing the Sequences from Easter till De S. Maria,
viz., on the whole, the usual cycle; rarer tracts are met with merely for
S.Michael and De virginibus (Chevalier 11029, 6739). At the close are
several Gloria and Sanctus together with additional entries pertinent
to the Graduale and to the Lectionary. Provided throughout
with musical notation res p. with neumes.
1. 80r — 119v: Vigile and Ember Masses with complete formularies with several
different Scriptural Paragraphs at the beginning (1. 80r — 87r), the first
pair of which are alone rubricated (Dom. I. p. pent.).
1. 120r — 142v: Sacramentary with the same divisions as the Graduale but with
numerous Votive Masses.
1. 142v — 171v: Main part of the Lectionary with similar divisions yet with
less numerous Votive Masses; the Scriptural Paragraphs found on 1. 57r
— 65r are not repeated here.
See Reproduction Plate I.
15 MISSALE CISTERCIENSE ABBREVIATUM. Manuscript on
vellum executed in the South-East of Germany in the XV th century.
Written in Gothic minuscules in several hands; rubricated. The
first page ornamented with a large initial letter and a tree-
sided border in gold and colours; one similar initial, as well
as numerous plainer ones and initials in blue and red occur
throughout the text. 164 leaves foliated by the rubricator (Prop,
de temp. I-LXXVIIII, then 4 unnumbered leaves with the Canon,
thereafter the Propr. sanct. I-LXXXII) 4 to. 224:165 mm. Original
binding in brown leather on wooden boards, richly blind-tooled.
Each cover with 4 embossed metal corners and 1 centre boss of
chiselled brass. On the front cover the title »Missale« in faded gold
letters. RM. 700.—
The Missal was originally intended for the use of Cistercian monks. The
"Proprium de tempore" contains the complete formularies up to the "O f f i -
cium de corpore Christ i" (1. LXVIIIv) , but only the 3 Collects for the Sun-
days after Trinity. The manuscript has been foliated by the rubricator
in such a manner that the Proprium de tempore and the Prefaces occupy together
1. 1 — LXX Villi. Then follow 4 unnumbered leaves containing the Canon, thereafter
24
begins a new foliation. In the first part of the volume leaf LXXI has been skipped
(yet the text is uninterrupted). The last leaf contains later entries among which are
the "B e n e d i c t i o 1 a r d i" for Easter, and the "G 1 o r i a".
The first page of the manuscript is ornamented with an initial A
painted in several colours on a light brown ground, to which is attached a heavy
three-sided border in gold composed of a leafed staff in the conventional
style, studded with gold dots. On the lower margin, the foliage work is shaped as a
circle; within the latter is the half-length picture of a prophet with a
scroll (coloured pen-and-ink drawing). On leaf 18r is a somewhat smaller initial P
in gold and various colours; several passages (as f. e. on leaf Ir, lOr, 35v, 37r and 39v)
show single majuscules ornamented with grotesque faces in the
French style.
One leaf containing text from the Office on Ash - Wednesday (after 1. XL) is
missing in the first part of the manuscript. The rest in good condition except for
occasional signs of use.
1. Ir Ad te levavi animam meam
1. 164v (End of the subsequently entered Collectae de angelis) angelorum
nobis prodesse senciamiis auxilio. Per.
16 MISSALE MONASTICUM. Manuscript oi German provenance of
the second half of the XII th century, written on vellum with the
utmost care in splendid minuscules; rubricated. Embellished
with an illuminated pen-and-ink drawing representing the
Crucifixion and 26 most beautiful large ornamental initials
painted in several colours, as well as numerous smaller one
or two-coloured initials in red, blue, yellow and green. 209
leaves (1 unnumbered fly-leaf, 1. 1 — 45, 45a, 46 — 207). Folio.
316:220 mm. White pigskin binding on wooden boards, blind- tooled,
with metal bosses and overlapping clasps (monastic binding of the
XVIIth/XVIII th century). RM. 20000.—
Splendid Missal of high artistic value and most interesting
as a liturgical document. The manuscript is neatly and carefully written in very
fine minuscules, hardly broken and absolutely even. Very curious from the p a 1 a e o -
graphical standpoint is the setting out of the interrogative sentences
in the Gospels by means of series of little red hooks above the first words. The
Prefaces are provided with Neumes; some of the former — most of
which occur twice — as well as the whole Canon are written by a considerably later
hand, the scribe obviously imitating an older model and belonging probably to the
XlVth or XVth century; this part of the manuscript being renewed presumably at
25
that time, because the original leaves were too much worn by a long and frequent use.
Later entries are made on the fly-leaf as well as on 1. Iv; 95v; 132v; 133r, v; 144v;
204—207.
The present manuscript is not a "Missale plenarium" but a very interesting
form of transition. After a few preliminary tracts (1. Ir — 3v) follow the two
Propria (1. 3v — 132v) ; every formulary here is provided with the text of
the chants (Introitus, Graduale and Offertorium) and with the Lections (Epistle
and Gospel). Then follow the Prefaces and the Canon (1. 134r — 144r) and the
O r a t i o n e s for the two Propria (1. 145r — 186r). The two masses "In dedicatione
ecclesiae" and "In dedic. altaris", both with complete formularies, are inserted in
the Orationes. Then follows the Commune (1. 186r — 189v), the formulary of
which only contains the Orationes. The end (1. 189v — 203v) consists of numerous
Votive Masses, mostly with complete formularies. Thus the Missal
shows a peculiar compound form inasmuch as the Graduale and the
Lectionary are already united for both Propria, being still however separated
from the Sacramentary, whereas the Dedication Masses and the Votive Masses are
already provided with complete formularies (cf. E b n e r, Quellen und Forschungen
zur Geschichte und Kunstgeschichte des Missale Romanum, Freiburg 1896, S. 361 — 363,
where similar forms of transition of Missals are dealt with; the present compound
form is not however described in that work).
The illumination of the manuscript is exceedingly abundant
and executed by a miniaturist of the first order. Besides the numerous
plainer initials of different sizes and execution at the beginning of each formulary
and of each text, the Missal is embellished with 26 large ornamental
initials indicating the beginning of the main parts as well as the chief festivals.
The following 3 initials of unusually large size are thus to be set
out first:
L. 3v: Initial A at the beginning of the Proprium de tempore (175:113 mln,
see reproduction on plate XIV); an uncial letter, split and outlined in red,
painted in the conventional style with several buckles of various designs. Within the
letter, foliage work consisting of leaves and flowers painted in the conventional style,
outlined in red, and left free of colour. The ground is divided into blue, green, violet
and brown fields.
L. 136r: VERB DIGNUM (85:145 mm, see reproduction on plate
XIV). These words are written in blue, green, red, violet and brown at the beginning
of the Praefalio cotidiana. The body of the ligature UD is split and outlined in red,
the left curve of the U ends as the head of a dragon. Several buckles are holding the
considerably entwined foliage work composed of leaves and blossoms in the conven-
tional style which, outlined in red and left free of colour is painted within the body
of the ligature. Within, written in uncial capitals, are the letters ERE and IG(N)UM,
outlined in red and illuminated in yellow. The background is divided into blue, green
and reddish-brown fields.
L. ISlv: Initial T at the beginning of the mass "In dedicatione ecclesie" (130:
lis mm). This letter has also a split body outlined in red, the three ends terminating
26
in ornamental work in the interlaced style. Foliage work left free of colour and out-
lined in red is wound around the shaft of the T, projecting on both sides and attached
to the horizontal cross-bar by means of two buckles. It consists of leaves, buds and
blossoms in the conventional style, partly drawn and hatched in black (pen-and-ink
drawing). The ground is again divided into fields of several colours.
The remaining 2 3 initials of various sizes are similarly executed as regards
both technique and style. The peculiar but effective drawing and hatching of some
parts in black is repeatedly met with. All the initials a re executed with
the utmost care, fresh-looking and in excellent preservation.
The whole illumination of the manuscript is considerably
superior to the average work found in plain contemporary
Missals. The Canon picture is much later. The chalice floating in the air
and the stem of the cross flanked with 2 large flower rosettes on each side are very
peculiar.
No clues are available as to the provenance of the manuscript. The fact that the
Missal was written for a monastery is demonstrated by the heading of the Missa de
sapientia (1. 199r) reading: "Iste misse non solent cantari in conventu."
The manuscript is in excellent condition; perceptible traces of use being only
apparent on the margins of the leaves of the Canon. On 1. 137r the later writer begins
in the middle of a word, no leaf however is lost since only a few lines of the text
are missing, which the scribe probably wanted to enter on the blank lower part of
1. 136v and which he afterwards forgot. A complete text of the Preface in question
occurs on 1. 134r. As to the text, the codex is complete.
See Reproductions Plate XIV.
17 MISSALE PLENARIUM. German manuscript on vellum of the
first half of the XIII th century. Carefully written in fine even Gothic
minuscules of 2 different sizes; rubricated. Embellished with 13
large ornamental initials painted in red and light blue, a re-
presentation of the Crucifixion (pen-and-ink drawing illu-
minated in several colours) and numerous plainer red
initials of various sizes. 173 leaves (the Proprium sanctorum
foliated I — LXI by the rubricator on the side-margins). Large Folio.
350:234 mm. Original pigskin binding on wooden boards, richly
blind-tooled. RM. 3200.—
The manuscript gives no clue as to its provenance, as the Proprium sanctorum
contains only Offices for Saints festivals celebrated universally. Neither do the for-
mularies entered subsequently in the course of the XVth century on the lower margin
of several pages allow of any deductions concerning the provenance of the Missal
and its original destination. The formularies of the Commune are abbreviated.
27
The ornamentation of the manuscript consists of 13 large
initials, in outline and only occasionally completed, beauti-
fully and elaborately painted in red and light blue; their purpose
being to set out the principal festivals. At the beginning of each single formulary
and of each single text there are plainer initials painted in red. The Canon begins
on 1. 91r with an interesting representation of the Crucifixion denot-
ing a remarkable archaic character (see reproduction on
plate VII). The body of the Crucified hangs absolutely straight on the cross, with
the head inclined towards the left shoulder. The Virgin Mary and St. John, both with
disproportionately large heads, are standing near by. The former is gathering the blood
running from Christ's side in a chalice; the latter is characterized by the book and the
sword. Very curious is the representation of the nimbus of both Saints.
Excepting a few traces of use on the margins (especially in the Canon), the
manuscript is in good condition. A leaf is missing at the end (before 1. 170) as well
as another one containing the end of the Requiems.
1. Ir Dominica prima in adventu
1. 88v Dominica XXV.
1. 89v— 90v Praefationes.
1. 91r— 93v Canon.
1. 93v In natali S. Stephani prothomartyris
1. 138v In natali unius martyris pontificis
1. 154v In dedicatione ecclCsie (and other Votive Masses partly with abridged
formularies) .
1. 172r Pro omnibus ftdelibus defunctis (and further Requiems).
See Reproduction Plate VII.
18 MISSALE PLENARIUM. Manuscript on vellum of the XlVth
century, written by two different hands in Gothic minuscules;
rubricated. Embellished with i large historiated initial paint-
ed in gold and colours, 4 large ornamental initials and
numerous smaller ones in red and blue. 224 leaves. 4 to.
180:130 mm. Bhnd-tooled pigskin binding on wooden boards, with
2 clasps (binding of the XVIII th century). RM. 1500.—
A Missal of very strange type; having perhaps once belonged to a
Franciscan friar (cf . the marginal note concerning the prayers subsequently
entered on 1. 72v) . The text of the "P r o p r i u m d e tempore" consisting of 2
parts is also very remarkable. The original part (1. 23r — 58r) comprises the
complete formularies for a few chief festivals only and but 3 Orationes for the remaining
days. The second part, written by a different scribe (1. 75r — 144r) contains the com-
28
plete formularies for all these days. The Prefaces (1. 58r — 67r, 73r — 74r) have
Neumes on a three-lined stave.
The Canon begins on 1. 67v with a beautiful historiated initial
painted in several colours on a gold ground (see reproduction on plate X).
Christ is hanging on a T-shaped cross with a monk kneeling on each side, one in a
blue cowl on the right and one in a white cowl on the left. The latter is collecting
the blood running from Christ's side in a chalice. This miniature is accompanied
by the following marginal note: "Miserere mei fratris in hora mortis mee ne
derelinquas me domine."
The volume shows occasional traces of use and repairs in the margins. The
miniature is a little damaged, yet otherwise well preserved.
1. Ir — lOv table of contents, supplementary entries, Orationes, De negligentiis sacra-
mentorum, different remarks.
1. llr — 22v Benedictiones, Exorzismi, a few Missae de Sanctis, a few Missae votivae,
Gloria, Credo.
1. 23r — 58r Proprium de tempore (original part).
1. 58r — 67 r Praefationes.
1. 67v— 72v Canon.
1. 73 r — 74v Praefatio communis.
1. 75r — 144r Proprium de tempore (supplement).
1. 144v — 145v Additional entries pertinent to the Proprium sanctorum.
1. 146r — 196v Proprium sanctorum.
1. 197r— 204v Commune.
1. 204 V — 224v Missae votivae (not quite complete at the end; there is probably only
one leaf missing).
SeeReproductionPlateX.
19 MISSALE PRAGENSE. Manuscript on vellum of the late XIV th
century, executed in Bohemia, carefully written in vigorous minus-
cules of 2 different sizes; rubricated. With j large historiated
initials and 6 large ornamental ones with borders painted
in gold and colours as well as with numerous plain initials of
various sizes in red and blue. 320 leaves (I, II, 1 — 318). Folio.
348 — 238 mm. Binding of brown leather on wooden boards, bhnd-
and gilt-tooled; each cover with 4 corner bosses and 1 centre boss
of chiselled brass; 2 clasps. RM. 16000. —
A beautiful illuminated Bohemian Missal in excellent con-
dition with a splendid original contemporary binding.
The manuscript comprises 2 fly-leaves added later, 30 quires of 5 sheets each,
1 of 3 sheets, 1 single leaf, 1 quire of 5 sheets and 1 leaf of paper of a later date.
29
It includes the Missal for the diocese of Prague, as is demonstrated by the occurrence
of the festival "Wenczeslai martiris" (1. 252r) and by the invocation of this Saint in
the Litany (1. 120v). The contents of the Missal are very copious.
The "Proprium de tempore" comprises formularies for every festival from Ash-Wed-
nesday up to Whitsunday, as well as the complete Passion. The "Proprium sanctorum"
is also very full; the Orationes and the Lectiones for the "Commune" are kept apart.
The Sequences follow the Votive Masses. Supplementary remarks are entered on 1. 1,
II, 308 — 318 and, incidentally, in the margins. Among these entries, the Office
"De ss. nomine Jes u", written without heading on the last leaf of paper and
dating from the XVIth century, is worthy of special notice. The early occur-
rence of this festival in a Missal obviously not of Franciscan origin is both interesting
and remarkable as regards the development of liturgical history,
since the celebration of this festival was not observed by the
Franciscan orders until 1520 and by the Church in general only in 1721
(cf. Thalhofer-Eisenhofer, Handbuch der kath. Liturgik I, 681) . Small slips
of paper on which were subsequently entered sentences previously left out by the
scribe are inserted here and there in the manuscript.
The splendid illumination of the volume consisting of 13
large initials, is the work of a very skilful and eminent Bohemian
miniaturist. The initials are painted in subdued colours of a lighter shade on a
gold background or on a somewhat darker one with a gold pattern, the bodies of the
letters being filled out with delicate foliage work. To each initial is attached a hand-
some border, usually composed of foliage work painted in the conventional style filled
in with gold. Only in the first three-sided border on leaf Ir has the lower side been
shaped as the body of a bird, grotesquely drawn out in length, with a knotted neck
and the head of an animal. 6 of the initials show a strictly ornamental character (1. 18r,
193v, 203r, 208v, 239r and 244v) ; the remaining 7 are figurative representations showing
Italian influence yet with typical Bohemian faces.
The following scenes are depicted:
1. 4r initial A: half-length picture of a Pope with the right hand raised in
blessing (see reproduction on plate XI),
1. 14v initial P: the Nativity of Christ,
1. 124v initial T: (Canon picture) Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary and
St. John (see reproduction on plate XI),
1. 129r initial R: the Resurrection of Christ,
1. 144r initial U: the Ascension of Christ,
1. 150r initial S: the Descent of the Holy Ghost,
1. 158v i n i 1 1 a 1 B: the Holy Trinity.
The Missal is generally speaking in perfect condition, only a few leaves of the
Canon showing perceptible traces of use in the margin. A few borders and page-
numbers are very slightly damaged by the book-binder. The end of the Sequences
(after 1. 307) is missing. The binding is restored in conformity with its style with
such accuracy that the repairs are hardly visible.
1. 1, II Additional entries (De S. Erasmo, De S. Sigismundo, De visitacione S. Marie).
30
l.lr,v Gloria, Credo.
1. 2r Dominica (prima) in adventu
1. 121v Incipiunt prephaciones
1. 124v— 128v Canon.
I. 129r (Dominica resurrectionis) Resurrexi et adhiic
1. 190r Dominica XXlIll. Dicit dominus
1. 191r In dedicacione ecclesie
1. 193v In utroque festo s. Stephani
1. 267r Incipiunt collecte de Sanctis qui non habent propria officio
1. 271v Incipiunt communes epistole sanctorum (partially with Gospels) ...
1. 284v Incipiunt votive misse et prima de s. spiritu
1. 304v Sequentia de beata virgine in adventu (more Sequences following).
1.308 — 317 Additional entries (Sequentia de S. Johanne evang., Missa de
Lancea domini, a few Offices for Saint's festivals and a few Votive Masses) .
I. 318r, V (M i s s a de ss. nomine Jesu).
See Reproductions Plate XI.
20 PETRUSCOMESTOR.Historiascolastica. Manuscript on vellum
carefully and evenly written in vigorous Gothic minuscules; double
columns; rubricated. Executed in Germany about the end of the
XIII th and the beginning of the XlVth century. Ornamented with
1 8 large historiated initials mostly with borders of dragons
in various colours on a gold ground, as well as with numer-
ous initials alternately painted in blue and red and orna-
mented with scroll work and bead- strings in the alternate
colour. 346 leaves. Folio. 340:242 mm. Binding in blind-tooled
pigskin on wooden boards; each cover with 4 corner bosses of
copper and brass, the back cover also with a centre-piece of copper,
4 overlapping clasps (binding of the XVIIth century, partly with
ancient clasps). RM. 15000.—
The manuscript, carefully written in fine Gothic minuscules, consists of uniform
quires of five sheets, provided with catchwords and preceded by 2 leaves with the
Capitula. It includes the famous Historia scolastica of Petrus Comestor
who was elected chancellor in Paris in 1164 and who died about 1178. The work ist a
detailed representation of the Biblical history, dealing shortly with profane history;
it was the most popular compendium and manual for this mat-
ter during the Middle-Ages: Publ. f. e. by Migne, Patr. lat. 198, 1053—
31
1722; early editions Hain 5529 ff. The "Incidentia" are mostly outlined in red and
inserted into the Scriptural text (as also in the case of some incunables).
The work is remarkable for its illumination. Besides the plainer
ornamental initials, it shows at the opening of each book a large histo-
riated initial painted in several colours on a gold ground. To most of these initials
are attached one, two or three-sided borders of various lengths formed by grotesque
dragons and foliage work in the conventional style. They are partly executed on the
vellum without any background and partly on a gold ground with a coloured outline,
in the first case the curves of the bodies of the dragons being heightened by means of
gold points.
The following scenes are represented:
1. 33r initial H: Moses (with a scroll) teaching two Levites,
1. 59r initial T: with an exceptionally large border: Moses with a green bough
and a vessel, with a Levite at his side,
1. 69v initial Q: Moses (with the Tables) lecturing to two Levites,
1. 85v initial Q: similar to the preceding picture,
1. 92r initial L: besides in a four-sided frame (70:70 mm) there is painted an
almost independent miniature being an exceptionally fine representation of
God ordering the sleeping Joshua to set out for the Land of Promise (see
reproduction on plate XII),
1. 98v initial L: formed by two dragons,
1. 112r initial L: similar to the preceding picture,
1. 162r Initial F: Elias' ascension in the flaming charriot with Elisha lying on
the ground,
1. 187r initial H: Tobias teaching his son to fear God,
1. 193r initial E: the prophet Ezechiel,
1. 196r initial P: David with long hair and head-band, standing with the left
hand raised,
1. 211v initial H: Judith beheading Holofemes (see reproduction on
plate XII),
1. 215v initial P: the prophet Ezra at a desk.
1. 219r initial L: Queen Esther,
1. 222v initial P: Alexander the Great carried in a wicker cage by griffins,
1. 240v initial M: Christ as judge of the world: outside the letter, the emblems
of the Evangelists with name-bands within medallions,
1. 247r initial F: the Nativity of Christ,
1. 305v initial A: Christ with the incredulous Thomas.
Apparently these illustrations are the work of 2 different miniaturists
who must be kept strictly apart. The first one has executed the initial letters to 1),
3), 4), and 5) and the 2 human figures of No. 2), whereas the body of the letter and
the border of No. 2) as well as all the remaining initials are to be attributed to a second
hand. The first of these 2 illustrators whose quiet, refined style recalls the foremost
German works of the end of the Xlllth century and the beginning of the XlVth,
is artistically the most prominent one; his master-piece is the
32
large miniature No. 5), a quite remarkable and most brilliant achievement o n
account of which the volume ranks with the foremost illu-
minated manuscripts of these times. The work of the second artist
is more restless, more nervous, not quite as thoroughly executed as that of his col-
league; yet his work makes a more vivid impression than that of the
first artist. His miniatures are also remarkable for their artistic
value which is far above the average.
The whole manuscript deserves special attention since the
Historia scolastica has hardly ever been illustrated.
The paintings are in perfect preservation throughout, the
writing is here and there somewhat stained and the lettering a little rubbed. The first
leaves of the Capitula are missing as well as the first quire of the text (till Gen. cap.
27; Migne 198, 1077 D). A small portion of the text is missing on the 2 last leaves owing
to their being somewhat damaged.
See Reproductions Plate XII.
21 PETRUS LOMBARDUS. Sententiarum liber quartus. —
BURCHARDUS WORMATIENSIS. Decretorum libri viginti
(extracts). Manuscript on vellum written by several hands in well-
formed minuscules; executed in Germany about the end of the
XII th and the beginning of the XIII th century. Partly in double
columns; rubricated. Ornamented with initials painted in red
resp. in red and black. 38 leaves. 4to. 205:147 mm. Vellum.
RM. 400.^
The manuscript, only fragments of which have unfortunately been preserved, con-
tains first 2 longer tracts from the fourth Book of the Sentences by Petrus Lom-
bard us 1, 1—14, 1 and 18, 4—25, 7 = Migne, Patr. lat. 192, 839—869, line 49
and 192, 886, line 40—908, line 28). Then follows an extract from the Decretorum
libri viginti of Borchard of Worms (d. in 1025), incomplete at the beginning, the
sequence of which differs with that of the printed form (publ. f. e. by Migne, Patr. lat.
140, 537 — 1058). Larger and more coherent tracts are gathered chiefly from book XVII
and XIX, especially from the latter, the so-called "Corrector". The voluminous chapters
XIX, 5. 6 which part of the work presents the greatest interest for the history of cul-
ture, are almost complete; this part contains a large number of questions for use in the
confessional mentioning at the same time the penances inflicted for each sin; it is
much more extensive and detailed than the older penitentials, especially as concerns
the parts dealing with Homicide, Adultery and Superstition, thus
representing an important and widely consulted source of
information for the history of ethics of these times (cf . M a n i -
33
tius, Gesch. d. lat. Lit. d. Mittelalters, II, 5&— 60; Schmitz, Bussbuecher and Buss-
disciplin p. 762—765).
The first quire and the last leaves of the manuscript are stained and the marginal
glosses are partly damaged by cutting.
I. 1. Ir De sacramentis .... Samaritanus enim vulnerato approprians . . .
1. 18v symoniace a symoniacis ordinatos mise — (the rest is missing).
II. 1. 19r — vulgus nocturnis horis celebrate solet . . .
1. 38v peccatum omni modo perpetratum est (thereafter a few short theo-
logical annotations entered by other hands).
22 SALONIUS, episc, Genevensis. Expositiones mysticae in
Parabolas Salomonis et in Ecclesiasten. Manuscript on vellum
executed at the end of the XII th century, evenly and carefully
written in vigorous minuscules, ornamented with 2 initials in red.
22 leaves. 4to. 206: 145 mm. Vellum. RM. 600. —
The manuscript is carefully written in clear Gothic characters of a peculiarly
upright style by one hand only but in different inks; it is not rubricated. The two
tracts of Salonius preserved here give us an allegorical as well as a
typological elucidation of the two Books of Solomon by means
of a dialogue between the author and his brother Veranus. Both were sons of
Eucherius, subsequently a Bishop of Lyon. Salonius was proclaimed Bishop of Geneva
not later than 440, the year of his death is unknown (cf. Bardenhewer, Patro-
logie, 3. A., p. 448; Schoenemann, Bibl. patrum lat. II, 1063 f.). These two dialo-
gues are published f.e. by Migne, Patr. lat. 53, 967—994 and 993—1012.
The manuscript is in perfect condition except for a few unimportant stains.
I. 1. Ir Parabole Salomonis. Parabole Salemonis filii David regis Jerusalem. (P)ara-
bole qua lingua dicuntur? . . . . (see reproduction on plate XVI).
1. 13v operibus que gessit. Explicit interrogatio de parabolis Salemonis.
II. 1. 13 Incipit interrogatio de libra Ecclesiastes. Quot nominibus vocatus est Salo-
mon? . . .
1. 22r . . . .et mandata eius custodit.
1. 22v blank.
See Reproduction Plate XV L
23 SERMONES VARII. Praec. documenta de haereticorum sectis.
Manuscript on vellum of German provenance, written by several
hands in small neat minuscules about the first half of the XIII th
century in double columns. 22 leaves. 4to. 207: 148 mm. Vellum.
RM. 450.—
34
The manuscript is very elaborately executed by several scribes, one of which
making use of the characteristic charter hand (1. 9r — 13r). It comprises
a small collection of Sermons (all without headings) mostly for the seasons of
Advent and Christmas. The first leaf represents a very interesting
document for the history of German inquisition. The first tract
contains an enumeration of the doctrines of the Waldenses, the O r 1 1 i e b e r , the
Runcaner and the Manicheans, assembled here in order to form the "ordin
von dem hohen leben". The second tract headed "In examinacione alicuius heretici"
specifies the oaths to be sworn by the accused and the dogmatic
questions (following the so-called Symbolum Athanasianum) to be answered. Both
tracts should be regarded as having a certain importance for
the history of the German sects in the earlier XI Ilth century. They
are also met with on 1. 104v — at the end in an incomplete state however — in the
MS No. 54 (Podlaha 1578) of the "Prager Metropolitan Kapitel" written in the year
1478). A short schematic exposition of the Lord's Prayer hat been entered by a some-
what later scribe on the last page of the manuscript which was originally blank.
The manuscript is in perfect condition.
1. Ir Secte hereticorum sunt LXXII, quorum in Theotonia sunt quatuor, Wal-
denses, Ortlibarii, Runcani, Manichei. Iste quatuor secte communi nomine
vocantuT ordin von dem hohen leben. Waldenses dicti sunt Item
dicunt, quod deus non apparuit in igne, quod combureret eos.
In examinacione alicuius heretici. Prima iubeatur iurare, quod sine omni
fallacia et deceptione et secundum intellectum querencium et audiencium ad
omnia interrogata respondeat. Prima
1. Iv et nominatim exprimere et quod nunquam audiat eos predicare.
1. 2r (first sermon) Sicio. Notandum quod dominus propter quatuor dixit Sicio
1. 22r (End of the last sermon) quod qui diligt proximum, legem adimple-
vit. Quod nobis prestare dignetur pater et filius et spiritus sanctus.
1. 22v Pater noster: Privilegio conditionis, Beneficio recreationis, Ministerio pie-
tatis
24 THOMAS DE AQUINO. De ente et essentia.— ARISTOTELES.
De longitudine et brevitate vitae. — SERMONES de Sanctis. —
ARISTOTELES. Analytica priora. Manuscript on vellum written
about the end of the XIII th and the first half of the XIV th century;
only partly rubricated; ornamented with red initials. With three
small diagrams. 51 leaves. 4to. 208:148 mm. Vellum. RM. 400. —
The manuscript consists of 3 parts which have obviously been united at a later
date. Parti and II (1. 1 — 7) being written in the y e a r 1 2 9 9 according to the entry
on 1. 6r, contain the tract of Thomas Aquinas "De ente et essentia" (cf . G r a b-
35
m a n n , Die echlen Schriften des Th. v. A., p. 222) and the short one "De longitudine
et brevitate vitae" from Aristotle's Parva naturaUa. Part III (1.8 — 15) inclu-
des a few Sermones communes: three sermons "De dedicatione" and 5 further
ones pertaining successively to "De Apostolis", "De uno martyre", "De martyribus" ,
„De confessoribus", "De virginibus"; besides 2 further Sermones "de dedicatione"
without heading (the last of which is incomplete) written by a different scribe. This
part was executed in the first half of the XlVth century, as well as part IV (1. 16 — 31)
written in a very abbreviated scholastic cursive hand and provided here and there with
marginal and interlinear glosses and with 3 diagrams (see reproduction
on plate XVI). This part contains Aristotle's Analytica priora in the very
translation attributed until lately to Boethius (publ. by Migne, Patr. lat. 64,
639 — 697), being regarded however at present as a work of Jacobus de Venetia
written in 1128 (cf. Grabmann, Scholast. Methode I, 150; Ueberweg-Baum-
gartner, Grundr. d. Gesch. d. Philosophie II, 1915, 191). Manuscripts of this
translation are of rare occurrence (cf . M a n i t i u s , Gesch. d. lat. Lit.
d. Mittelalters I, 30). The text of the present manuscript only reaches II, 11; the scribe
breaks off abruptly in the first sentence in the middle of the page.
The manuscript is in good condition; the marginal glosses are damaged here and
there by cutting.
1. 1. Ir Quia parvus error in principio magnus in fine
1. 6r in quo sit finis et consumacio huius operis. Explicit de ente et essen-
cia Thome de monte Aquino. Anno domini M° cc° nonagesimo IX., quarto
ydus decembns Indictione nona.
II. 1. 6v De eo autem quidem quod est esse alium alia (sic)
1. 7v semper esse longir^is vite. Finit liber de longitudine et brevitate vite.
III. 1. 8r Incipit commune sanctorum et prima de dedicacione. Habitabit cum eis
Johannes evangelista raptus per spiritum
IV. 1. 16 Primum debet did circa quod et de quo est intencio ....
1. 31v Per impossibile autem sillogismus ostenditur quidem quoniam con-
tradictio supponitur conclusionis et assumitur (the text breaks off here: the
rest of the page blank).
See Reproduction Plate XVI.
25 VINCENTIUS BELLOVACENSIS. Speculum historiale (Book
XVI — XXIII). Manuscript on vellum of the XIV th century executed
in Eastern Germany, carefully written in Gothic minuscules; double
columns;rubricatedthroughout.Ornamentedwith81argehistori-
ated initials painted in several colours on a gold ground and
numerous plainer ornamental ones alternately in red and
blue with scrolls and strings of beads in the alternate colour.
36
562 leaves. Folio. 540:252mm. Blind-tooled pigskin binding on
wooden boards; each cover ornamented with 4 corner bosses and
1 centre boss in bronze; 2 clasps (binding of the XVIIth century with
ancient bosses). RM. 8000. —
The manuscript, ruled throughout in ink, consists of 30 regular quires of six
leaves provided with catch-words and 2 single leaves at the end. The text is very
elaborately written in vigorous and absolutely symmetrical Gothic minuscules, neatly
rubricated and ornamented with book-openings and chapter headings painted in red.
The book numbers in red and blue and the head-lines in red are entered on the upper
margins of the book. Each book is preceded by the Capitula.
The volume includes several books from the great Speculum historiale
of Vincent de Beauvais, the most voluminous historical work
oftheMiddle-Ages, viz. book XVI— XXIII (resp. book XVII— XXIIII if one counts
the extensive prologue of the Speculum historiale as book I, as is usually the case).
The manuscript represents part III of a work consisting of four volumes with 8 or 9
books each. The present part embraces with numerous extensive digressions and inter-
polations the history of the Roman, Byzantine and Franconian monarchs from Gratian
till Pipin. On the lower margin of leaf 336r a scribe of theXVth century has entered the
following marginal note with brown pencil: "S. Oswinus anno domini M°CCCC°LVII''
Rome canonizatus." Other incidental marginal glosses are also entered in the same
hand.
The illumination of the manuscript consists of 8 large histo -
riated initials, mostly with borders attached, painted on a gold ground, their
purpose being to set out the beginning of each book. They all depict the Emperors
dealt with in the book in question. The figures themselves are somewhat convention-
ally executed, the Emperor being always enthroned, robed and crowned and holding
a sceptre with his right hand outstretched.On 1. 86r two Emperors (Arcadius and
Honor i us) are depicted together (see reproduction on plate XIII). They
are standing beneath the horizontal cross-bar of a majuscule T (painted in red) on
either side of its shaft, Arcadius in a green garment with a violet cloak and Honorius
with a blue garment and a red cloak. The folds are indicated by means of broad dark
strokes. The miniature is painted on a gold ground with a blue outline. In spite of what
has been said the impression gained by the miniatures is not at all one of monotony
being due to the diverse treatment of the bodies of the letters. The latter are formed
either wholly or partly by dragons executed in several colours and ending in foliage
work painted in the conventional style (partly filled in with gold) or adorned by
series of dots, scrolls of leaves and delicate white line-ornaments, the terminations
also ending in foliage work. All the initials have blue backgrounds, and are outlined
with black and white lines; the borders are of various sizes.
The whole illumination — remarkable for the comparatively brilliant
and contrasting colours and the profuse use of gold — is the work of a very
37
skilful miniaturist. All the paintings are in perfect preserv-
ation and the manuscript is absolutely complete and in good condition.
1. Ir Continentia. XVI. libri Cthe Capitula follow) .
1. 2r De contemporalitate novem regnorum Ab anno primo Gratiani qui
fuit
1. 362v Pipinum veto (ilium eius regem Ytalie ordinatum coHocavit. Deo gra-
tias. Explicit iste liber. Sequitur amodo de imperio Karoli magni.
See Reproductions Plate XIII.
Nr. 14- Missale Bened. Salisburg. (Orig.size.)
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( ■ I
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